The establishment of the Gymnasium in Mikulov is credited to the Olomouc bishop Cardinal František Dietrichstein, and at his request, in June 1631, eight members of the Piarist Order came directly from Italy to begin writing the history of the school. In the 19th century, the Piarists advocated for the founding of philosophical schools as an intermediary between the gymnasium and the university, and as a result, many students from Brno, Olomouc, and even Slovakia came to
Mikulov. A valuable library was also established in the school. At the end of the 19th century, the school was transferred to state administration, and in 1900, the last Piarist left. During the war, the school continued to exist, but the number of students decreased, and the Czech Gymnasium was revived in 1945. In the new millennium, the school was renovated and in 2011 merged with the secondary vocational school and the technical school. Among the most notable graduates of the school are musicians Jan Antonín Brosmann and Šimon Kalous, mathematician Kasián Halaša, astronomer Oktavius Šofka (who established an observatory at the gymnasium), Karl Renner, and biologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně.